Validación de la escala: valoración de actividades de la vida diaria e instrumentales (vavdi) en población Española

Resumen

Objetivos: pretendemos validar la escala Valoración de las actividades de la vida diaria e instrumentales (a partir de ahora VAVDI) en población española con deterioro cognitivo leve y moderado. Métodos: hemos evaluado a 174 pacientes que iniciaron tratamiento ambulatorio en la Unidad de deterioro cognitivo, al inicio y fin de tratamiento, con VAVDI, Mini-mental state examination (a partir de ahora MMSE), Test del reloj, Yesavage. En 84 pacientes, VAVDI ha sido valorada por dos evaluadores. A 88 pacientes se han administrado además las escalas Lawton y Barthel. Se ha realizado análisis de la estructura, fiabilidad y validez de la escala. Resultados: el análisis multirrasgo-multimétodo: todos los ítems presentaban valores adecuados de validez convergente, menos uno divergente. Las dos subescalas y el total de la escala presentaban Alpha de Cronbach >0,81 en las dos mediciones. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase entre observadores >0,93 en dos subescalas y el total. La correlación entre la subescala-actividades de la vida diaria básicas (a partir de ahora AVDB) y la escala Barthel era de 0,82, y entre la subescala-actividades de la vida diaria instrumentales (a partir de ahora AVDI) y la escala Lawton de 0,84 (Pearson). Hemos encontrado diferencias entre grupos organizados por sexo y puntaciones en el test MMSE y cambios significativos cuando las puntuaciones en el MMSE mejoran. Conclusiones: la escala, presenta un funcionamiento psicométrico adecuado en pacientes con deterioro cognitivo de España.

Objective: The Assessment of Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Scale (from now on VAVDI) evaluates activities of day living basic (from now on BADL) and instrumental (from now on IADL), and the need for support. The aim of the present study is to validate the VAVDI in a sample of Spanish patients with cognitive impairment. Methods: 174 patients who started outpatient treatment in the Cognitive Impairment Unit, have been evaluated at two moments: beginning and end of treatment, with the VAVDI, Mini mental state examination (from now on MMSE), Clock drawing test, Yesavage scales. For 84 patients, the VAVDI scale was assessed by two evaluators. The Lawton and Barthel scales were also administered to 88 patients. Analysis of the structure, reliability and validity of the scale have been carried out. Results: The multi-trait analysis has shown that all the items met the standards for convergent validity, and all but one for divergent. Cronbach's Alpha was >0.81 for the two subscales and the total scale in the two measurements. The intraclass correlation coefficient between observers was >0.93 for two subscales and the total. The correlation between the BADL subscale and the Barthel scale was 0.82, and between the IADL and the Lawton scale was 0.84 (Pearson). Significant differences have been found between groups organized by gender and scores in the MMSE test. Significant changes were found in patients whose scores on the MMSE had improved between assessments. Conclusions: The scale presents adequate psychometric performance when applied to patients with cognitive impairment from Spain.

DeCS Evaluación Geriátrica; Actividades Cotidianas; Terapia Ocupacional; Estudio de Validación; Estado Funcional

MeSH Geriatric Assessments; Activities of Daily Living; Occupational Therapy; Validation Study; Functional Status.

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14284212